Hormonal

Circadian misalignment, such as that caused by shift work, jet lag, or forced late eating, induces metabolic dysfunction including insulin resistance, increased blood pressure, and altered glucose tolerance, even in healthy lean individuals.

Avoid eating close to bedtime or during your biological night. If you work shifts or travel across time zones, prioritize aligning your meals with your local daylight hours as much as possible. Even short-term misalignment can rapidly impair glucose tolerance, so consistency in timing is as important as content.