Research

Macro partitioning

Diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPF) have the least healthful nutritional profile (higher in fat, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium; lower in fiber and protein), even if UPF items themselves do not always have the worst profile.

When evaluating food, look at the whole diet, not just individual items. A diet high in ultra-processed foods tends to be less healthy (more fat/sugar, less fiber/protein). However, not every UPF item is bad; it is the overall pattern of consumption that matters.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
UPF did not necessarily have the least healthful nutritional profile, but diets high in these foods did.
Jean Adams et al. · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · 2015

Why this rating

Large sample size and individual-level data provide strong descriptive evidence of nutritional content.

Source

Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-demographics and obesity: cross-sectional analysis of UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–12)

Jean Adams et al. · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · 2015

DOI 10.1186/s12966-015-0317-y

cross_sectional · n=2174Cited 246×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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