Research

Adherence

Living in neighborhoods with better physical environments (defined by better walking environments and greater availability of healthy foods) is associated with lower body mass index, independent of individual-level socioeconomic factors.

If you live in an area with poor walkability or limited access to healthy food, your BMI may be higher regardless of your personal efforts. To counteract this, you may need to be more intentional about creating your own 'healthy environment' (e.g., planning grocery trips to distant healthy stores, finding alternative exercise spaces) or advocate for local policy changes that improve walkability and food access.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
MESA residents of neighborhoods with better physical environments had lower body mass index (mean difference per standard deviation higher neighborhood measure = -2.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): -3.38, -1.38) kg/m2 for women and -1.20 (95% CI: -1.84, -0.57) kg/m2 for men), independent of age, race/ethnicity, education, and income.
Mahasin S. Mujahid et al. · American Journal of Epidemiology · 2008

Why this rating

The study is a large, cross-sectional observational study with robust statistical methods (MMLE) but cannot establish causality due to potential residual confounding and selection bias.

Source

Relation between Neighborhood Environments and Obesity in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Mahasin S. Mujahid et al. · American Journal of Epidemiology · 2008

DOI 10.1093/aje/kwn047

cross_sectional · n=2865Cited 241×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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