Research
Adherence
Lifestyle factors such as smoking and frequent drug use are significantly associated with poor sleep quality in young males, but not in young females.
For young men, quitting smoking and avoiding frequent drug use may be particularly effective strategies for improving sleep quality, as these factors appear to have a stronger negative impact on male sleep than female sleep. Women should also avoid these, but the data suggests the link is stronger in men.
GoodQualifiesMEDIUM confidence
It was found that racial background (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.11-4.36) and lifestyle, such as smoking (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.05-3.46), and frequent use of drugs (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.09-2.67), were predominantly associated with poor sleep quality in male subjects.
Why this rating
Large sample size and specific subgroup analysis, but cross-sectional.
Source
Exploring Gender Difference in Sleep Quality of Young Adults: Findings from a Large Population Study
Yaqoot Fatima et al. · Clinical Medicine & Research · 2016
DOI 10.3121/cmr.2016.1338
cross_sectional · n=3778Cited 239×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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