Hormonal
Exogenous propionic acid reduces obesity-associated inflammation in human visceral adipose tissue by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CCL5) and macrophage markers, while simultaneously up-regulating genes for glucose and lipid metabolism (GLUT4, LPL).
Consuming dietary fibers that ferment into propionic acid (found in whole grains, legumes, and resistant starch) may help reduce chronic low-grade inflammation in fat tissue and improve how your body handles glucose and fats. This happens because the byproducts of fiber digestion interact directly with fat cells and immune cells within the fat tissue.
Treatment of adipose tissue explants with propionic acid results in a significant down-regulation of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-a and CCL5. In addition, expression of lipoprotein lipase and GLUT4, associated with lipogenesis and glucose uptake, respectively, increased.
Why this rating
In vitro human tissue explants and cell lines; high biological relevance but lacks in vivo clinical outcome data.
Source
Propionic acid affects immune status and metabolism in adipose tissue from overweight subjects
Saad Al-Lahham et al. · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · 2011
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02590.x
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