Hormonal
Dietary flavonoids reduce intestinal inflammation and improve barrier integrity in obesity-associated models by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and down-regulating pro-inflammatory enzymes like COX-2 and iNOS.
To leverage flavonoids for gut health and inflammation, prioritize foods rich in specific flavonoids (like citrus for naringenin, tea for catechins, or red wine for anthocyanidins) because they interact directly with gut bacteria and intestinal cells. The benefit comes from local gut effects and microbiota modulation rather than high systemic blood levels.
Flavonoid-mediated modulation of the inflammatory response has been extensively studied... flavonoids reduce intestinal inflammatory processes driven by NF-κB activation by down-regulating the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway in intestinal cell models.
Why this rating
The paper is a review of in vivo and in vitro models; it cites multiple studies but lacks direct human clinical trial data for specific flavonoid dosing.
Source
Effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and changes in gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity
Katherine Gil‐Cardoso et al. · Nutrition Research Reviews · 2016
DOI 10.1017/s0954422416000159
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