Macro partitioning
Obese individuals exhibit altered glutamine metabolism, characterized by decreased serum glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate, and increased succinate, which correlates with M1 macrophage accumulation.
Obesity is associated with lower levels of glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate, and higher succinate. While this is a marker of disease, simply taking glutamine supplements may not fully reverse these changes in humans, as muscle mass and other factors also play a role. Focus on overall metabolic health.
Interestingly, patients with obesity or diabetes show altered glutamine metabolism, including decreases in glutamine and α-ketoglutarate concentrations in serum but increases in succinate concentrations.
Why this rating
Based on metabolomics studies in humans (children with obesity) and animal models, providing strong observational evidence.
Source
Glutamine Metabolism in Macrophages: A Novel Target for Obesity/Type 2 Diabetes
Wenkai Ren et al. · Advances in Nutrition · 2018
DOI 10.1093/advances/nmy084
More from this paper
- Glutamine supplementation promotes M2 macrophage polarization via the glutamine-UDP-GlcNAc pathway and alpha-ketoglutarate production, which may help prevent obesity- or diabetes-associated pathology.Moderate
- Succinate accumulation, derived from glutamine-dependent anerplerosis, promotes M1 macrophage polarization and stabilizes HIF-1α, contributing to inflammation in obesity.Moderate
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