Hormonal
Higher circulating levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) are inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), whereas omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) and plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) show no significant protective association with CVD incidence.
Focus on increasing long-chain omega-3s (EPA/DHA) from seafood sources rather than relying solely on plant-based omega-3s (ALA) or omega-6 oils for cardiovascular prevention. Higher blood levels of EPA and DHA are strongly linked to a significantly lower risk of heart disease and stroke.
In multivariable-adjusted Cox models, circulating n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were inversely associated with incident CVD, with extreme-quartile hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 0.49 for eicosapentaenoic acid (0.30 to 0.79; Ptrend=0.01) and 0.39 for docosahexaenoic acid (0.22 to 0.67; Ptrend<0.001)... No significant associations with CVD were observed for circulating n-3 alpha-linolenic acid or n-6 PUFA (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid).
Why this rating
Prospective cohort study with objective biomarkers (gas chromatography) and multi-ethnic population, reducing recall bias common in dietary self-report studies.
Source
Circulating and Dietary Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Incidence of CVD in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto et al. · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2013
DOI 10.1161/jaha.113.000506
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