Hormonal
Caffeine administration after sleep deprivation caused by prior caffeine use can reverse performance deficits, often resulting in a net benefit for psychomotor and cognitive tasks, though this may be partly due to the reversal of withdrawal symptoms.
Caffeine can effectively counteract the performance deficits caused by sleep deprivation, particularly for vigilance and reaction time tasks. However, it may not improve complex motor skills like marksmanship. Use caffeine strategically to maintain performance during sleep-deprived periods, but recognize that it does not replace the need for sleep.
Animal studies and well-controlled human studies involving high habitual and low habitual users tend to confirm a 'net benefit' for caffeine use.
Why this rating
Supported by multiple studies including military personnel (Lieberman et al.) and controlled lab studies, though confounded by withdrawal effects.
Source
Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning
Frances O’Callaghan et al. · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · 2018
DOI 10.2147/rmhp.s156404
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