Hormonal
Elevated ceramide content (both saturated and unsaturated) is significantly higher in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle, independent of obesity and physical fitness levels.
Insulin-resistant muscle contains significantly higher levels of ceramides, a type of fat molecule that interferes with insulin signaling. This elevation is seen even when comparing obese individuals with similar fitness levels, suggesting that ceramide accumulation is a key feature of insulin resistance itself, not just a byproduct of being overweight.
We observed higher total levels of ceramide (555 ± 53 vs. 293 ± 54 pmol/mg protein, P < 0.004)... in the IR group compared with the IS group.
Why this rating
Robust methodology using mass spectrometry and clamps, controlling for major confounders like obesity and fitness.
Source
Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Higher Intramyocellular Triglycerides in Type I but Not Type II Myocytes Concomitant With Higher Ceramide Content
Paul M. Coen et al. · Diabetes · 2009
DOI 10.2337/db09-0988
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