Hormonal
Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, FABP4) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., adiponectin) drive chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue during obesity, contributing to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
Obesity involves complex hormonal signaling from fat tissue that promotes inflammation and insulin resistance. While this review focuses on mechanisms rather than direct lifestyle advice, it underscores that metabolic health is influenced by the biochemical environment of fat tissue, not just energy balance. Targeting these inflammatory pathways (e.g., through weight loss or specific medical interventions) may help mitigate metabolic risks.
Obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10.
Why this rating
This is a review paper summarizing multiple studies; the evidence is strong for the general mechanism but varies by specific adipokine and species (mouse vs human).
Source
Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Yakun Ren et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2022
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699
More from this paper
- Leptin acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in adipose tissue by promoting macrophage infiltration and activation via JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K pathways, contributing to local inflammation and lipid accumulation.Moderate
- Resistin promotes inflammation and insulin resistance by binding to TLR4 and activating NF-kB, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways in macrophages and hypothalamic cells.Moderate
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