Macro partitioning
Substituting red meat or dairy products for carbohydrate-dense foods is associated with a significantly increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in postmenopausal women.
Avoid replacing carbohydrates with red meat or dairy if you want to protect your heart. This study found that doing so increases the risk of dying from heart disease by 41-44%. Instead, if you are reducing carbs, choose vegetable protein sources like legumes, nuts, and tofu, which were associated with a 30% lower risk of heart disease mortality.
For CHD mortality, multivariable-adjusted analyses showed a significant increased risk of 41 percent for dairy servings and 44 percent for red meat servings for the highest compared with lowest quintile of intake, when substituted in place of an isoenergetic number of servings of carbohydrate-rich foods.
Why this rating
Large cohort, long follow-up, strong statistical significance for specific food groups, but observational.
Source
Associations of Dietary Protein with Disease and Mortality in a Prospective Study of Postmenopausal Women
Linda E. Kelemen · American Journal of Epidemiology · 2005
DOI 10.1093/aje/kwi038
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