Hormonal
Insulin regulates adipose tissue development and function by activating specific insulin receptor (INSR) splice variants (INSR-A and INSR-B) and downstream signaling cascades (PI3K/AKT), which control glucose uptake, lipid storage, and adipokine secretion.
Understand that insulin is essential for healthy fat tissue function, including cell survival and the release of beneficial hormones. The goal is not to eliminate insulin, but to maintain sensitivity so it can perform these critical roles without causing metabolic dysfunction.
Insulin regulates several aspects of the development and function of adipose tissue and stimulates the differentiation program of adipose cells. Insulin can activate its responses in adipose tissue through two INSR splicing variants: INSR-A, which is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal and less-differentiated cells and mainly linked to cell proliferation, and INSR-B, which is more expressed in terminally differentiated cells and coupled to metabolic effects.
Why this rating
The paper is a comprehensive review citing numerous in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, though it does not present new primary clinical trial data.
Source
Insulin and Insulin Receptors in Adipose Tissue Development
Angelo Cignarelli et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2019
DOI 10.3390/ijms20030759
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