Hormonal

Oral administration of gut microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically from Pseudomonas panacis, induces insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by blocking the insulin signaling pathway (specifically pAKT) and inhibiting GLUT4 translocation.

This research suggests that the type of bacteria in your gut and the vesicles they release can directly impact your insulin sensitivity. A diet high in fat may alter your gut microbiome to produce more of these specific vesicles (from P. panacis), which then travel to your muscles and fat tissue to block insulin signaling. While this is a mouse study, it implies that maintaining a diverse, healthy gut microbiome through diet (fiber, fermented foods) might help prevent the production of these insulin-blocking vesicles, thereby supporting better glucose metabolism.