Hormonal
Leucine limitation in skeletal muscle cells induces autophagy and lysosome-dependent proteolysis through a signaling pathway that is independent of mTOR.
In differentiated muscle cells, a lack of leucine triggers muscle breakdown via autophagy through a pathway that does not involve mTOR. This suggests that muscle protein turnover is regulated by multiple distinct signaling mechanisms depending on the cell's state and the specific nutrient signal, rather than relying solely on the mTOR pathway.
These latter data provide clear evidence that the mTOR signaling pathway is not involved in the mediation of leucine effects on both protein synthesis and degradation in C2C12 myotubes.
Why this rating
The study uses rigorous in vitro methods with multiple inhibitors and time-course analyses, but is limited to a cell line (C2C12) rather than in vivo human data.
Source
Leucine Limitation Induces Autophagy and Activation of Lysosome-dependent Proteolysis in C2C12 Myotubes through a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin-independent Signaling Pathway
Sylvie Mordier et al. · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2000
DOI 10.1074/jbc.m003633200
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