Research
Hormonal
Specific nutrient intake accelerates the gastric emptying of that specific nutrient (e.g., glucose accelerates glucose emptying, fat accelerates fat emptying) through desensitization of intestinal feedback mechanisms.
If you need to absorb glucose quickly, train your stomach by consuming high glucose loads regularly. Similarly, high-fat diets accelerate fat emptying. This specificity means you should match your training nutrition to your race nutrition strategy.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Cunningham et al. [9] supplemented the diet of two groups of volunteers with glucose 400 g per day for 3 days. The half emptying time (t½) for the glucose test meal was significantly faster after the standard diet had been supplemented with glucose compared with the standard diet alone
Why this rating
Supported by multiple human studies cited (Cunningham, Horowitz, Yau), though the author notes few studies directly investigated effects during exercise.
Source
Training the Gut for Athletes
Asker E. Jeukendrup · Sports Medicine · 2017
DOI 10.1007/s40279-017-0690-6
narrative_reviewCited 194×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Targeted nutritional training (specifically high-carbohydrate or high-volume intake) adapts the gastrointestinal tract by upregulating SGLT1 transporters and accelerating gastric emptying, thereby increasing exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and reducing GI distress during endurance exercise.Good
- Restricting carbohydrate intake (low-carb, high-fat, or ketogenic diets) reduces the abundance and activity of intestinal SGLT1 transporters, thereby decreasing the capacity to absorb carbohydrates and increasing the risk of GI distress during competition.Moderate
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