Hormonal
The glycemic benefits of moderate wine consumption in type 2 diabetes are conditional on the ADH1B genotype, specifically benefiting 'slow ethanol metabolizers' (ADH1B*1 carriers) while showing no benefit or potential harm in 'fast metabolizers' (ADH1B*2 homozygotes).
If you have type 2 diabetes, your body's ability to process alcohol depends on your genetics. If you are a 'slow metabolizer' (common in certain populations), moderate wine might help your blood sugar. If you are a 'fast metabolizer,' it may not help or could worsen control. Without genetic testing, the safest approach for glycemic control is abstinence or extreme caution, as the benefit is not universal.
Only slow ethanol metabolizers (alcohol dehydrogenase alleles [ADH1B*1] carriers) significantly benefited from the effect of both wines on glycemic control... compared with fast ethanol metabolizers (persons homozygous for ADH1B*2).
Why this rating
Subgroup analysis of a high-quality RCT; genetic interaction was statistically significant.
Source
Effects of Initiating Moderate Alcohol Intake on Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Yftach Gepner et al. · Annals of Internal Medicine · 2015
DOI 10.7326/m14-1650
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