Research
Hormonal
Bariatric surgery achieves superior long-term weight loss compared to lifestyle interventions, but this comes with complex physiological changes including transient decreases in resting metabolic rate per fat-free mass and alterations in gut peptides like GLP-1 and PYY.
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective long-term treatment for obesity, achieving ~25% weight loss. However, it works through complex hormonal changes (like increased GLP-1) and metabolic adaptations, not just stomach size reduction. It requires lifelong medical monitoring.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Bariatric surgery achieves a long-term weight loss of ~25% after 5 years [73,74], with minor increases of weight after up to 20 years post-surgery [75e77].
Why this rating
Based on cited clinical trials showing long-term outcomes.
Source
Challenges in tackling energy expenditure as obesity therapy: From preclinical models to clinical application
Mona C. Löffler et al. · Molecular Metabolism · 2021
DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101237
narrative_reviewCited 84×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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