Research

Adherence

Repeated physical activity performed in natural environments provides greater benefits for emotional well-being compared to physical activity in built indoor or outdoor environments.

To maximize mental health benefits from exercise, prioritize doing it in natural settings like parks or forests over indoor gyms or built urban areas. While general health improves with exercise anywhere, your mood and emotional state will likely improve more if you exercise outdoors in nature.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Emotional well-being showed the most consistent positive connection to physical activity in nature... Repeated exercise in nature is, in particular, connected to better emotional well-being.
Tytti Pasanen et al. · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · 2014

Why this rating

Cross-sectional survey data establishes correlation, not causation; however, the large sample size (n=2,070) and control for confounders strengthen the finding.

Source

The Relationship between Perceived Health and Physical Activity Indoors, Outdoors in Built Environments, and Outdoors in Nature

Tytti Pasanen et al. · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · 2014

DOI 10.1111/aphw.12031

cross_sectional · n=2070Cited 190×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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