Hormonal
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into systemic circulation cause metabolic endotoxemia, which triggers chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance.
If you have obesity or type 2 diabetes, your gut bacteria may be leaking inflammatory substances (LPS) into your bloodstream, causing insulin resistance. Focus on improving gut health through diet (e.g., fiber, prebiotics) to reduce this 'leaky gut' effect and lower systemic inflammation.
Metabolic diseases are characterized by a state of a progressive development of a low-grade inflammation in metabolic tissues... The causal role of the latter was demonstrated when the mice were treated with alpha-galactosylceramide... The first causal role of metabolic endotoxemia in the development of metabolic disease was shown when a chronic, one month long, low grade infusion of LPS was performed in the mouse [5]. Hepatic insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion were induced by the LPS infusion.
Why this rating
The paper cites multiple rodent models with causal evidence (LPS infusion, germ-free mice) and human observational data (higher LPS in obese/diabetic patients), though direct human interventional causality is less robust than animal data.
Source
Gut microbiota and immune crosstalk in metabolic disease
Rémy Burcelin · Molecular Metabolism · 2016
DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.016
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