Research
Macro partitioning
High consumption of processed foods (up to 30% of calories in rich urban households) and palm oil (vanaspati) contributes to the 'double burden' of malnutrition and NCD risk, independent of total caloric intake.
Reducing the intake of processed foods and palm oil (vanaspati) is critical for improving health outcomes in India, especially for higher-income groups who consume these items frequently. Shifting away from subsidized cereals and processed foods toward whole foods can help address the double burden of malnutrition.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
An average Indian household consumes more calories from processed foods than fruits. ... Processed food accounts for nearly 10% of the average total caloric intake in both rural and urban India. Urban households in the highest income group consume almost 30% of their total daily calories from processed food.
Why this rating
Large sample size, but observational data on processed food categories which are broadly defined.
Source
A comparison of the Indian diet with the EAT-Lancet reference diet
Manika Sharma et al. · BMC Public Health · 2020
DOI 10.1186/s12889-020-08951-8
cross_sectional · n=102000Cited 188×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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