Hormonal
Endogenous GLP-1 secretion is stimulated by specific nutrient-sensing mechanisms in intestinal L-cells, including SGLT1 and KATP channels for carbohydrates, FFA1 and GPR119 for fats, and Pept1 and CaSR for proteins.
This paper explains the biological 'sensors' in your gut that trigger GLP-1 release when you eat carbs, fats, and proteins. While understanding these mechanisms (like SGLT1 for sugar or GPR119 for fat) is crucial for drug development, there are currently no standard dietary protocols to specifically target these receptors for therapeutic GLP-1 elevation. The paper highlights that while animal models show clear results, human applicability is still being researched.
The macronutrients and their digestive products stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 through various mechanisms... we now have strong indications for a role for both Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 (SGLT1) and the K+ATP channel in carbohydrate-induced GLP-1 secretion. For fat, the free fatty acid receptor FFA1 and the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119 have been linked to GLP-1 secretion. For proteins, Peptide Transporter 1 (Pept1) and the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) are thought to mediate the secretion.
Why this rating
The paper is a review summarizing various animal and in vitro studies, noting that sufficient human data is often missing or inconsistent.
Source
The Sensory Mechanisms of Nutrient-Induced GLP-1 Secretion
Anna Pii Hjørne et al. · Metabolites · 2022
DOI 10.3390/metabo12050420
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