Hormonal
Chronically elevated circulating GIP levels (approx. 15 ng/mL) improve glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and reduce diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis, whereas excessively high levels (>60 ng/mL) induce GIP resistance and negate these benefits.
This preclinical study suggests that maintaining moderate levels of the hormone GIP (around 15 ng/mL) may support healthy weight and blood sugar control, whereas extremely high levels might stop working. This highlights the importance of hormonal balance rather than just suppression or stimulation.
Together, these results suggest that chronically raising levels of GIP to ~15 ng/ml are necessary to achieve beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and adiposity, but more elevated levels result in GIP resistance.
Why this rating
High-quality transgenic mouse model with controlled dosing via zinc induction, though results are preclinical.
Source
GIP-Overexpressing Mice Demonstrate Reduced Diet-Induced Obesity and Steatosis, and Improved Glucose Homeostasis
Sujin Kim et al. · PLoS ONE · 2012
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040156
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