Research

Adherence

Chatbot interventions significantly increase fruit and vegetable consumption, with text-based and AI/NLP-enabled chatbots being more effective than voice-based or non-AI chatbots.

Choose a chatbot that uses text or AI features for dietary tracking. Use it when you are shopping or preparing food to log your intake. This method is more effective for improving fruit and vegetable consumption than voice-only options.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Subgroup analyses showed that text-based, and artificial intelligence chatbots were more efficacious than speech/voice chatbots for fruit and vegetable consumption... Meta-analysis results showed significant effects... of chatbots for... fruit and vegetable consumption (SMD = 0.59 [95% CI = 0.25, 0.93])
Ben Singh et al. · npj Digital Medicine · 2023

Why this rating

Meta-analysis of 4 studies, but with moderate heterogeneity (I2=42%).

Source

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of chatbots on lifestyle behaviours

Ben Singh et al. · npj Digital Medicine · 2023

DOI 10.1038/s41746-023-00856-1

Meta-analysis · 19 studiesCited 177×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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