Hormonal
Bariatric surgery (specifically Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy) resets the body fat set point to a lower level, resulting in sustained weight loss and reduced hunger through physiological mechanisms rather than simple caloric restriction.
For individuals with severe obesity who have struggled to maintain weight loss through diet and exercise alone, bariatric surgery offers a physiological reset of hunger and satiety signals. This biological change supports long-term weight maintenance more effectively than willpower-based dietary restriction alone, though it requires lifelong nutritional monitoring.
With bariatric surgery, the set point is reset to be 20–30% lower. Therefore, during stable energy balance, the weight fluctuates around the 'new' set point.
Why this rating
The paper is a comprehensive review citing multiple clinical studies and animal models, though it acknowledges some conflicting data on hunger perception.
Source
Food Intake and Eating Behavior After Bariatric Surgery
Werd Al‐Najim et al. · Physiological Reviews · 2018
DOI 10.1152/physrev.00021.2017
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