Adherence
The combination of lowest household income and highest fast-food outlet exposure results in a 'double burden' with greater odds of obesity and frequent processed meat consumption than either factor alone, demonstrating additive interaction.
If you have a low income and live in an area with many fast-food outlets, your risk of obesity is significantly higher than if you only had one of these risk factors. This is because budget constraints and easy access to unhealthy food interact to make healthy eating very difficult. To counter this, focus on strategies that address both cost and access, such as meal planning and seeking out affordable, healthy food options.
In jointly classified models, lowest income and highest fast-food outlet proportion in combination were associated with greater odds of obesity (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 2.09, 2.84), with relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI = 0.03).
Why this rating
Large sample size, rigorous adjustment, but cross-sectional design limits causal inference.
Source
Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants
Thomas Burgoine et al. · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · 2018
DOI 10.1186/s12966-018-0699-8
More from this paper
- High neighborhood fast-food outlet exposure is independently associated with higher BMI, body fat, and obesity odds, with a dose-response relationship observed across quartiles of exposure.Good
- Low household income is independently associated with higher BMI, body fat, and obesity odds, with a dose-response relationship observed across income levels.Good
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