Research
Adherence
The NOVA classification system, which categorizes foods based on the extent and purpose of processing, is a more useful framework for public health than nutrient-based classification systems.
Use the NOVA framework: prioritize unprocessed or minimally processed foods (Category 1), limit processed culinary ingredients (Category 2), and avoid ultra-processed foods (Category 4). This is simpler and more effective than focusing solely on nutrient counts.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Official dietary guidelines of health organizations and nations have begun to include statements to limit consumption of ultra-processed foods [33] because diets high in ultra-processed foods have been linked to a variety of poor health outcomes, including obesity [34–36].
Why this rating
Based on the author's interpretation of the utility of the framework and its adoption by guidelines.
Source
From dearth to excess: the rise of obesity in an ultra-processed food system
Kevin D. Hall · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · 2023
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2022.0214
narrative_reviewCited 42×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Diets high in ultra-processed foods cause excess ad libitum energy intake and weight gain compared to minimally processed diets, even when macronutrients and presented calories are matched.Strong
- Non-beverage energy density and hyper-palatability (high sodium/fat or sodium/carb combinations) in ultra-processed foods positively predict meal energy intake and drive excess consumption.Good
Related findings · Adherence
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- Increasing physical activity from a sedentary lifestyle to an active one in middle adulthood significantly reduces the risk of coronary events compared to remaining sedentary.Strong
- Resistance exercise is the only intervention capable of consistently restoring muscle function and strength in sarcopenia, partially overcoming age-related anabolic resistance.Strong
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