Research

Hormonal

Diets high in rapidly digestible carbohydrates increase the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, shifting energy partitioning toward adipose storage and away from metabolically active tissues, which triggers compensatory hunger and reduced metabolic rate.

To manage weight, focus on reducing rapidly digestible carbohydrates (refined grains, added sugars) to lower insulin levels. This prevents the hormonal trapping of energy in fat cells and reduces the biological drive to overeat and slow metabolism.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
A diet high in rapidly digestible carbohydrates raises the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, shifting energy partitioning towards storage in adipose, leaving fewer calories for metabolically active and fuel sensing tissues. Consequently, hunger increases, and metabolic rate slows in the body’s attempt to conserve energy.
David S. Ludwig · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · 2023

Why this rating

The paper is an opinion piece citing short-term trials and animal models, but acknowledges lack of long-term human evidence for the specific mechanism.

Source

Carbohydrate-insulin model: does the conventional view of obesity reverse cause and effect?

David S. Ludwig · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · 2023

DOI 10.1098/rstb.2022.0211

narrative_reviewCited 16×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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