Research

Hormonal

Biological mechanisms, specifically a defended weight set point driven by genetic and epigenetic factors, actively oppose weight loss maintenance by altering hunger hormones and reducing energy expenditure, making long-term weight loss difficult without continuous intervention.

Accept that maintaining weight loss is biologically harder than losing it due to hormonal defenses. Do not rely on short-term diets; instead, focus on long-term strategies like preventing 'weight creep' (0.5-1kg/year gain) through low-intensity lifestyle changes or considering long-term pharmacological support (like GLP-1 agonists or metformin) if indicated, rather than expecting a one-time fix.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
This weight set point is believed that the body seeks to maintain the body weight at a stable range by moderating energy intake and metabolism... After weight loss, the levels of hunger controlling hormones such as leptin, cholecystokinin and GLP-1 change in a direction to make the individual more hungry... and there is a reduction in energy expenditure... changes that are long lasting, still present at 6 years to account for weight regain.
Flavia Cicuttini et al. · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · 2023

Why this rating

Based on a narrative review citing multiple systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and long-term follow-up studies of bariatric surgery and drug trials.

Source

Our biology working against us in obesity: A narrative review on implications for management of osteoarthritis

Flavia Cicuttini et al. · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · 2023

DOI 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100407

narrative_reviewCited 9×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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