Research

Hormonal

Circulating IGF-1 concentrations are not associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, or cancer-related mortality risk.

There is no evidence from this study that your natural IGF-1 levels predict your risk of death from cancer, heart disease, or other causes. You do not need to try to manipulate IGF-1 levels for longevity based on this data.

GoodRefutesHIGH confidence
We found no association between concentrations of IGF-1... for all-cause mortality... CVD mortality... or cancer mortality.
Yanni Papanikolaou et al. · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · 2025

Why this rating

Sub-sample analysis (N=5753) with sufficient mortality events, but observational nature limits causal inference.

Source

Animal and plant protein usual intakes are not adversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease–, or cancer-related mortality risk: an NHANES III analysis

Yanni Papanikolaou et al. · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · 2025

DOI 10.1139/apnm-2023-0594

cohort · n=15937Cited 4×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →