Macro partitioning
Household food insecurity is independently associated with higher odds of low muscle mass in U.S. adults, with lower total protein intake acting as a significant partial mediator of this association.
If you are experiencing food insecurity, prioritize protein intake as much as possible, as it is a key factor in maintaining muscle mass. While you cannot control food availability, focusing on protein-rich foods within your budget may help mitigate muscle loss.
Household food insecurity is independently associated with increased odds of low muscle mass in U.S. adults, and inadequate protein intake constitutes a significant—albeit partial—mediating pathway.
Why this rating
Cross-sectional observational study using a large, nationally representative dataset (NHANES), but unable to establish causality.
Source
Food insecurity and muscle health: exploring the role of protein, vitamin D, and calcium intake in low muscle mass
Rong-Zhen Xie et al. · BMC Public Health · 2025
DOI 10.1186/s12889-025-23784-z
Related findings · Macro partitioning
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