Research

Hormonal

Among specific GLP-1 receptor agonists, liraglutide and dulaglutide show a statistically significant increase in the risk of overall thyroid disorders, whereas semaglutide, lixisenatide, and exenatide do not show a significant effect.

Not all GLP-1 medications affect the thyroid equally. If you are concerned about thyroid health, liraglutide and dulaglutide have shown a statistically significant increase in overall thyroid disorders in large trials, whereas semaglutide, lixisenatide, and exenatide have not shown this significant risk. Discuss these differences with your provider when choosing a specific agent.

GoodQualifiesMEDIUM confidence
Among all 45 enrolled trials, 18 trials including 24787 patients used liraglutide... increased the risk of overall thyroid disorders by 37% (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.86)... dulaglutide significantly increased the incidence of overall thyroid disorders by 96% (RR 1.96, 95% CI 1.11-3.45)... no effect against overall thyroid disorders was found for other GLP-1 receptor agonists [semaglutide, lixisenatide, exenatide, albiglutide].
Weiting Hu et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2022

Why this rating

Based on subgroup analysis of RCTs; however, the number of studies for some agents (e.g., dulaglutide) was small (5 trials), reducing certainty.

Source

Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Occurrence of Thyroid Disorders: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Weiting Hu et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2022

DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.927859

Meta-analysis · 45 studiesCited 111×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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