Research

Adherence

Among US women, younger age, Black race, lower income, less than 12 years of education, obesity (BMI ≥ 30), and current smoking are significantly associated with reporting both poor diet and low physical activity.

Public health initiatives targeting diet and physical activity should prioritize younger women, Black women, those with lower income and education levels, and current smokers, as these groups show the highest prevalence of combined poor diet and inactivity. Interventions should address socioeconomic barriers rather than assuming uniform access to resources.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Participants who were younger than 55, non-Hispanic Black, had less than 12 years of education, low income, obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and current smokers were more likely to report poor diet and low PA.
Chloe Chan et al. · Nutrition Journal · 2025

Why this rating

Retrospective analysis of a large national survey (NHANES III) with statistical significance, but relies on self-reported data which has known bias.

Source

Demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with self-reported diet and physical lifestyle patterns in United States women: an NHANES study

Chloe Chan et al. · Nutrition Journal · 2025

DOI 10.1186/s12937-025-01190-w

cross_sectional · n=3196
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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