Hormonal
L-cells are not a homogeneous population; they are anatomically heterogeneous, with proximal (duodenal/jejunal) L-cells primarily secreting GLP-1 in response to macronutrients, while distal (ileal/colonic) L-cells co-secrete PYY and respond to microbial metabolites like SCFAs and bile acids.
Your gut's hormonal response to food depends on where the food is absorbed. Eating fiber and fats that reach the lower intestine (via fermentation or specific fats) stimulates different hormones (like PYY) than eating simple sugars in the upper intestine. A diverse diet that reaches different parts of the gut may optimize this hormonal signaling better than focusing on a single nutrient type.
We conclude that L-cells differ markedly depending on their anatomical location... We suggest to sub-classify L-cells based on their differential peptide contents as well as their differential expression of nutrient sensors... duodenal and jejunal L-cells are considered generally to be more nutrient-responsive... colonic L-cells may be exposed to significant amounts of secondary bile acids, SCFAs and other microbial metabolites... colonic GLP-1 secretion is stimulated to only a small extent by glucose but is, instead, robustly stimulated by bile acids
Why this rating
The paper is a comprehensive review citing multiple human, animal, and in vitro studies, though it notes limitations in current experimental models.
Source
What Is an L-Cell and How Do We Study the Secretory Mechanisms of the L-Cell?
Rune E. Kuhre et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2021
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2021.694284
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