Mixed
Higher maternal pregnancy weight gain is independently associated with increased childhood BMI and a higher risk of overweight/obesity in offspring, even after controlling for shared genetic and environmental factors.
For expectant mothers, aiming for weight gain within recommended guidelines (typically 11-16 kg for normal BMI) is a prudent step for long-term child health. While the direct impact on any single child's weight is modest, avoiding excessive gain reduces the statistical risk of childhood overweight. This is best achieved through balanced nutrition and appropriate physical activity, rather than extreme restriction.
For every additional kg of pregnancy weight gain, childhood BMI increased by 0.0220 (95% CI 0.0134–0.0306, p,0.0001) and the OR of overweight/obesity increased by 1.007 (CI 1.003–1.012, p = 0.0008).
Why this rating
Large population-based cohort (n=91,045 offspring) with a robust within-family (sibling) design that minimizes confounding by shared genetics and environment, though observational nature remains a limitation.
Source
Pregnancy Weight Gain and Childhood Body Weight: A Within-Family Comparison
David S. Ludwig et al. · PLoS Medicine · 2013
DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001521
Related findings · Mixed
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