Hormonal
SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide) significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk type 2 diabetes patients, unlike earlier glucose-lowering agents which showed neutral or negative effects.
If you have type 2 diabetes and established heart disease, ask your doctor about empagliflozin or liraglutide. These drugs have proven to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure hospitalization, and even death from cardiovascular causes, beyond just lowering blood sugar. This is particularly relevant if you have kidney issues or heart failure.
the EMPA-REG Outcome trial and the LEADER trial have shown superiority of the SGLT2-I empagliflozin and the GLP-1RA liraglutide, respectively, on the 3-point MACE outcome (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and cardiovascular, as well as all-cause mortality.
Why this rating
Based on large, placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) like EMPA-REG and LEADER.
Source
Continued efforts to translate diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials into clinical practice
Angelo Avogaro et al. · Cardiovascular Diabetology · 2016
DOI 10.1186/s12933-016-0431-4
Related findings · Hormonal
- Initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be a combination of metformin and either an SGLT-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist to achieve cardiorenal protection, rather than monotherapy or older agents like sulfonylureas.Strong
- For patients with specific monogenic obesity syndromes (leptin deficiency, POMC/PCSK1/LEPR mutations), targeted pharmacotherapy (recombinant leptin or setmelanotide) is highly effective and should be prioritized, unlike in polygenic obesity.Strong
- Continued weekly administration of 2.4 mg subcutaneous semaglutide prevents weight regain and promotes further weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, whereas switching to placebo results in significant weight regain.Strong
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