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Animal-based proteins should represent the majority (i.e., ≥65%) of protein intake during active cancer treatment.

Clinicians should prioritize animal-based protein sources for patients with cancer.

A diet rich in plant-derived proteins may support muscle anabolism in cancer but requires a larger quantity of protein.

Patients may include more plant proteins in their diet, but they need to ensure adequate intake.

Initiating an exclusively plant-based (i.e., vegan) diet upon a diagnosis of cancer may pose risks due to elevated protein requirements.

Patients should avoid vegan diets immediately after a cancer diagnosis to meet protein needs.

Collagen supplements may be useful to reduce tendon and ligament injuries in volleyball.

Consider recommending collagen supplementation for volleyball athletes to potentially reduce injury risk.

Betaine supplementation may improve body composition based on animal models.

Athletes may consider betaine for potential body composition benefits.