Research

Energy balance

Large-sized fast-food bundled meals (cheeseburger, fries, cola) provide 65-80% of daily energy and 63-91% of daily sodium, making portion-size labeling alone insufficient for managing intake.

When eating fast food, do not rely on 'small' or 'regular' labels to control intake. A single large meal can provide most of your daily calories and sodium. To manage intake, choose smaller items, skip sugary drinks, and be aware that sodium and calories remain high even in 'healthy' options like grilled chicken.

GoodQualifiesHIGH confidence
In 2013, the energy content of a large-sized bundled meal (cheeseburger, French fries, and regular cola) represented 65% to 80% of a 2,000-calorie-per-day diet, and sodium content represented 63% to 91% of the 2,300-mg-per-day recommendation and 97% to 139% of the 1,500-mg-per-day recommendation.
Lorien E. Urban et al. · Preventing Chronic Disease · 2014

Why this rating

Longitudinal observational data from 3 major chains over 18 years, though limited to specific items.

Source

Temporal Trends in Fast-Food Restaurant Energy, Sodium, Saturated Fat, and<i>Trans</i>Fat Content, United States, 1996–2013

Lorien E. Urban et al. · Preventing Chronic Disease · 2014

DOI 10.5888/pcd11.140202

cross_sectionalCited 25×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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