Research
Energy balance
Triple agonists targeting GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon receptors improve energy expenditure and restore body weight in diet-induced obesity models more effectively than dual or mono-agonists.
Triple hormone agonists (GLP-1/GIP/Glucagon) are in development and show promise in animal studies for boosting energy expenditure and weight loss beyond what dual agonists achieve. They are not yet standard clinical care.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Compared to GLP- 1 receptor mono-agonists and GLP- 1 receptor/GIP receptor co-agonists, optimized triagonists improve energy expenditure and restore body weight in DIO mice.
Why this rating
Based on preclinical mouse models (db/db mice), not yet confirmed in large-scale human clinical trials in this text.
Source
Dual and Triple Gut Peptide Agonists on the Horizon for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Data
Ioanna A. Anastasiou et al. · Current Obesity Reports · 2025
DOI 10.1007/s13679-025-00623-1
narrative_reviewCited 18×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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- Dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists (e.g., tirzepatide) produce significantly greater weight loss and glycemic control than selective GLP-1 receptor agonists by synergistically targeting both incretin pathways.Good
- GIP receptor agonism contributes to insulin sensitivity independently of weight loss by promoting glucose capture in white adipose tissue and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in brown adipose tissue.Moderate
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