Research

Energy balance

Ultra-processed foods cause increased energy intake and weight gain even when matched for macronutrients and energy content with unprocessed foods.

Be aware that ultra-processed foods (those with added ingredients like preservatives and stabilizers) can make you eat more calories than you realize, even if they look similar to unprocessed foods on paper. Choosing whole, unprocessed foods may help you naturally regulate your intake.

GoodSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Ultra-processed food consumption led to substantially greater energy intake (+2090 kJ/day [+500 kcal/day] on average over 14 days) and weight gain (+0.9 kg over 14 days vs weight loss of equal magnitude during the 14 days of the unprocessed diet phase).
Andreas Niehaus · Nikephoros: Zeitschrift für Sport und Kultur im Altertum · 2005

Why this rating

Based on a small RCT (n=20) but with controlled conditions.

Source

'Herz und Schwimmen sind eins': Anmerkungen zum Schwinmmen in Japan als militärische tradition

Andreas Niehaus · Nikephoros: Zeitschrift für Sport und Kultur im Altertum · 2005

DOI 10.1007/s00125-023-05873-z

narrative_review
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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