Hormonal
Endurance training-like electrical stimulation selectively activates the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway, which explains adaptations such as mitochondrial biogenesis and fast-to-slow muscle phenotype transformation without inducing muscle hypertrophy.
To improve mitochondrial health and endurance without gaining muscle size, focus on low-intensity, long-duration activities. This activates specific cellular pathways (AMPK) that optimize energy efficiency rather than building muscle mass.
These data suggest that a specific signaling response to LFS is a specific activation of the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway which may explain some endurance training adaptations.
Why this rating
Controlled in vitro/ex vivo rat muscle study with clear mechanistic endpoints, though translational to humans requires inference.
Source
Selective activation of AMPK‐PGC‐1α or PKB‐TSC2‐mTOR signaling can explain specific adaptive responses to endurance or resistance training‐like electrical muscle stimulation
Philip J. Atherton et al. · The FASEB Journal · 2005
DOI 10.1096/fj.04-2179fje
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