Research
Energy balance
Long-term consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is positively associated with increased total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a graded, dose-dependent manner.
Limit sugar-sweetened beverages to less than one serving per month to minimize mortality risk. Each additional daily serving increases the risk of death by approximately 7%, primarily due to cardiovascular causes. Replace SSBs with water or unsweetened alternatives.
StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
consumption of SSBs was associated with a higher risk of total mortality; pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) across categories (<1/mo, 1–4/mo, 2–6/week, 1-<2/d, and ≥2/d) were 1.00 (reference), 1.01 (0.98, 1.04), 1.06 (1.03, 1.09), 1.14 (1.09, 1.19), and 1.21 (1.13, 1.28; P trend <0.0001). The association was observed for CVD mortality (hazard ratio comparing extreme categories was 1.31 [95% confidence interval, 1.15, 1.50], P trend <0.0001)
Why this rating
Large prospective cohorts (n>118,000), long follow-up (28-34 years), rigorous adjustment for confounders.
Source
Long-Term Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Mortality in US Adults
Vasanti Malik et al. · Circulation · 2019
DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.118.037401
cohort · n=118363Cited 427×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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