Research

Energy balance

Maintaining a body mass index (BMI) of 23.0–24.9 or higher at age 21, or gaining 2.5 kg or more during adulthood, significantly increases the risk of major chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancers) in men.

For men, keeping a BMI below 23 at age 21 and avoiding adult weight gain are critical for preventing diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Even 'modest' overweight or small weight gains (2.5+ kg) significantly increase risk, so maintaining a leaner early-adulthood weight is a high-leverage health strategy.

StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
Adiposity in early adulthood and adult weight gain were both associated with marked increases in the risk of major chronic diseases in middle-aged and older men, and these associations were already apparent at modest levels of overweight and weight gain.
Renée de Mutsert et al. · American Journal of Epidemiology · 2014

Why this rating

Large prospective cohort (n=39,909), long follow-up (22 years), rigorous adjustment for confounders.

Source

Overweight in Early Adulthood, Adult Weight Change, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Certain Cancers in Men: a Cohort Study

Renée de Mutsert et al. · American Journal of Epidemiology · 2014

DOI 10.1093/aje/kwu052

cohort · n=39909Cited 188×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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