Research
Mixed
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate and acetate, produced by gut microbiota from fiber, exert anti-atherogenic effects by binding to FFAR2 receptors, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and promoting regulatory T cell activity.
Increase fiber intake (vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains) to support gut bacteria that produce SCFAs, which may help reduce vascular inflammation.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
SCFAs, by binding G protein-coupled free fatty acids receptors (FFARs; in particular isoform 2) [48], are significantly expressed in immune cells [49] and promote mechanisms engaged in the resolution of vascular inflammation.
Why this rating
Based on experimental models (mice, in vitro), with 'scattered evidence' for human translation.
Source
Molecular Immune-Inflammatory Connections between Dietary Fats and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Which Translation into Clinics?
Elisa Mattavelli et al. · Nutrients · 2021
DOI 10.3390/nu13113768
narrative_reviewCited 12×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Dietary fats exert pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis through specific immune-inflammatory pathways (e.g., TLR4 activation by saturated fats, SCFA-mediated anti-inflammation) that operate independently of, or in addition to, their metabolic effects on serum lipids.Moderate
- Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) promote atherosclerosis by activating TLR4 and NFκB pathways in macrophages, leading to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Moderate
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