Adherence
Whole food meals produce significantly higher feelings of fullness compared to both gluten-free and ultra-processed meals, despite similar macronutrient content.
To stay full longer, prioritize whole foods over processed or gluten-free alternatives. This study showed that whole food meals led to significantly higher feelings of fullness than both processed and gluten-free meals, even when calories and macros were identical. Choosing whole foods can help manage hunger without needing to reduce portion sizes.
WF consumption resulted in significantly higher feelings of fullness compared to GF (mean difference: +14.36%... p = 0.011) and PF (mean difference: +16.81%... p = 0.004)
Why this rating
Randomized crossover design with objective VAS scoring.
Source
A Gluten-Free Meal Produces a Lower Postprandial Thermogenic Response Compared to an Iso-Energetic/Macronutrient Whole Food or Processed Food Meal in Young Women: A Single-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial
Brittney Dioneda et al. · Nutrients · 2020
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