Research

Hormonal

Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use is associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing menstrual cycle symptoms, specifically uterine cramps, in resistance-trained athletes.

If you are a resistance-trained athlete experiencing severe menstrual cramps, hormonal contraceptives (particularly combined oral pills) are statistically associated with a reduction in these symptoms. However, be aware that nearly half of users report unwanted side effects from the contraceptives themselves. Consult a healthcare provider to weigh the benefit of reduced cramping against the risk of HC side effects.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
HC use was associated with a lower likelihood of MC symptoms overall (p < .001) with a small effect (effect size = 0.167) and specifically a lower likelihood of cramps (p < .001) with a small (effect size = 0.147).
Kimberly SantaBarbara et al. · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · 2024

Why this rating

Based on a large cross-sectional survey (n=809) with statistical significance, but subject to recall bias and self-selection.

Source

Menstrual cycle characteristics, hormonal contraceptive use and perceptions of related effects in resistance-trained athletes

Kimberly SantaBarbara et al. · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · 2024

DOI 10.1177/17479541241228986

cross_sectional · n=809Cited 7×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →