Research
Hormonal
Cerebral CCK acts as a neurotransmitter involved in memory and anxiety regulation, with knockout mice showing memory loss and increased anxiety, while exogenous CCK administration can induce panic attacks.
CCK is not just a gut hormone; it works in the brain to regulate anxiety and memory. While high doses can induce panic, natural CCK signaling may help modulate these states. This highlights the gut-brain axis.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
global KO of the CCK gene shows that mice have lost their memory and exhibit increased anxiety... peripheral administration of exogenous CCK-4 and CCK-8 in a dose-related manner induces panic attacks of anxiety in mammals
Why this rating
Based on animal models (KO mice) and human challenge studies, but clinical relevance in general population is less defined.
Source
Cholecystokinin: Clinical aspects of the new biology
Jens F. Rehfeld · Journal of Internal Medicine · 2025
DOI 10.1111/joim.20110
narrative_reviewCited 4×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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- Cholecystokinin (CCK) acts as a primary intestinal satiety signal that regulates food intake via CCK1 receptors on afferent vagal fibers, with its secretion dynamics altered by bariatric surgery but remaining largely unchanged in obesity.Good
- Non-sulfated CCK peptides stimulate gastric acid secretion via CCK2 receptors, acting similarly to gastrin, whereas sulfated CCK inhibits acid secretion via CCK1 receptors.Good
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