Research

Energy balance

Structured, individualized nutritional interventions significantly improve sport-specific performance and increase energy availability in competitive female athletes compared to generic guidance.

If you are a competitive female athlete, generic advice is likely not enough. You need a personalized plan that targets at least 45 kcal per kg of fat-free mass daily. Focus on consuming 5-8g of carbs and 1.6-2.0g of protein per kg of body weight. Work with a professional to adjust this gradually to avoid psychological resistance, and monitor your energy availability regularly to ensure you are not in a deficit.

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The intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in sport-specific performance compared with the control group... Estimated energy availability increased significantly in the IG compared with the CG
Fabiola Palmiero et al. · Physical Education Theory and Methodology · 2026

Why this rating

Large-scale multicentre controlled quasi-randomised study (n=480) with large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 1.66 for performance, 1.03 for energy availability).

Source

Effects of Individualised Nutrition on Performance and Athlete Triad Risk

Fabiola Palmiero et al. · Physical Education Theory and Methodology · 2026

DOI 10.17309/tmfv.2026.2.17

rct · n=480
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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