Research
Energy balance
Bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy) yields long-term (>3 years) weight reductions of ≥ 20% of initial body weight and decreases morbidity and potentially mortality in patients with severe obesity.
For severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 or ≥ 35 with health issues), surgery is the most effective option for long-term weight loss (≥ 20% body weight). It reduces health risks and mortality. It is considered when other methods fail.
StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
The first two procedures yield long-term (> 3 years) reductions of ≥ 20% of initial weight that are associated with decreases in morbidity and potentially mortality.
Why this rating
Based on long-term outcomes of major surgical procedures.
Source
Management of Obesity
Naji Alamuddin et al. · Journal of Clinical Oncology · 2016
DOI 10.1200/jco.2016.66.8806
narrative_reviewCited 62×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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