Research

Energy balance

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages contributes to obesity by providing energy that is not fully compensated for by subsequent reductions in food intake, leading to a net positive energy balance.

To reduce obesity risk, prioritize replacing sugar-sweetened beverages (soda, fruit drinks) with water or unsweetened alternatives. The paper indicates that liquid calories are not effectively compensated for by eating less food, leading to a net increase in daily energy intake and weight gain. This is particularly impactful for high-risk groups, and reducing intake can have a measurable impact on population-level obesity.

StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
Energy in liquid form is not well compensated for by reductions in the intake of other sources of energy.
Gail Woodward‐Lopez et al. · Public Health Nutrition · 2010

Why this rating

The paper synthesizes secular trends, mechanisms, observational studies, intervention trials, and meta-analyses, all pointing to a consistent positive association.

Source

To what extent have sweetened beverages contributed to the obesity epidemic?

Gail Woodward‐Lopez et al. · Public Health Nutrition · 2010

DOI 10.1017/s1368980010002375

Meta-analysis · 56 studiesCited 197×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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